Encrypted Operating Systems: 6 Popular Choices

The Growing Trend of Default Encryption in Operating Systems

Modern operating systems are increasingly incorporating encryption as a standard feature, providing enhanced data security for users without requiring complex configurations. This proactive approach significantly aids in safeguarding information in the event of device theft.

In many instances, this encryption is activated automatically. Alternatively, it is presented as a straightforward option during the operating system’s installation or initial setup process, accessible with a single click.

Windows 8.1 and Device Encryption

Windows 8.1 introduced a default encryption capability termed “device encryption.” However, its functionality is limited to newer hardware configurations that meet specific requirements alongside the operating system.

This implementation represents the least comprehensive encryption method discussed. It is not universally compatible with all Windows 8.1 installations, particularly those upgraded from previous Windows versions. Furthermore, it necessitates the transmission of your recovery key to Microsoft or your organization’s exchange server, potentially exposing it to social engineering and legal requests.

Despite these limitations, device encryption offers a degree of protection that surpasses having no encryption at all. More robust encryption, BitLocker, is available in professional editions of Windows, but requires a separate purchase and manual activation.

Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite and FileVault

Mac OS X Yosemite prompts users to enable encryption during installation. All drives are prepared for FileVault encryption automatically, and users are guided through the activation process when setting up a new Mac.

The FileVault feature allows users to upload a recovery key to Apple, enabling file recovery through their Apple ID if the login password is lost. Importantly, this upload is optional; users can choose to print the recovery key or store it locally.

Encryption Options in Linux Distributions

Many Linux distributions also provide convenient encryption options. While not always enabled by default, users are typically presented with a checkbox during installation to activate encryption. Ubuntu, for example, prompts users to enable encryption during the installation process. Other distributions generally offer a similar option.

Chrome OS and Default Storage Encryption

Chromebooks feature default storage encryption, protecting data from unauthorized access without requiring the user’s Google password. While a social-engineering attack targeting the Google password could compromise security, this encryption layer enhances overall security, even for sensitive files stored locally or cached online.

iOS 8 and Data Protection

iOS 8 utilizes encryption by default, safeguarding data with the user’s passcode – a four-digit PIN or a password of any length – in conjunction with the device’s unique identifier. This prevents attackers from bypassing the passcode by removing the storage and attempting to crack it on a computer.

This “data protection” feature is automatically enabled when a PIN or passcode is used to unlock the device. Without a passcode, the encryption is ineffective, as anyone could access the device without restriction.

Android 5.0 Lollipop and Enhanced Security

Android 5.0 Lollipop, also known as Android L, introduced default encryption, building upon previous optional features. Similar to iOS, Android leverages the lock screen passcode for encryption, which can be a PIN or a more complex password.

An improvement over Android 4.4, Android 5.0 employs hardware-based credentials to strengthen encryption, requiring brute-force attempts to occur directly on the device. This prevents attackers from extracting the storage and attempting to crack the passcode elsewhere. The encryption process is streamlined and doesn't require lengthy processing times.

It is noteworthy that Windows Phone and Windows RT also incorporate a “device encryption” feature, functioning similarly to the implementation in Windows 8.1.

Image Credit: Yuri Samoilov on Flickr