XAI Colossus Supercomputer: Health Concerns in Memphis

xAI’s Supercomputer and Turbine Emissions

xAI, the artificial intelligence company founded by Elon Musk, intends to maintain the operation of 15 gas turbines for its “Colossus” supercomputer. These turbines are located in Memphis, Tennessee.

An operating permit filed with the Shelby County Health Department details plans for continuous turbine use spanning from June 2025 to June 2030.

Environmental Concerns Raised

The continued use of these 20-year-old turbines has sparked environmental concerns. The turbines release hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), including formaldehyde.

According to documents obtained by The Commercial Appeal, emissions may exceed the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) limit of 10 tons annually for a single source.

Specifically, the facility’s permit indicates each turbine emits 11.51 tons of HAPs per year. Approximately 22,000 individuals reside within a five-mile radius of the facility.

Lack of Transparency and Prior Emissions

The turbines have reportedly been operational since the summer of 2024 without prior public notification or regulatory oversight. This was stated by Eric Hilt, a spokesperson for the Southern Environmental Law Center.

Hilt further asserts that the current permit applications do not factor in the emissions already released during this period.

“This situation exemplifies a pattern of non-disclosure by the company to both the local community and its governing officials,” Hilt communicated to The Commercial Appeal.

Permit Status

The Shelby County Health Department has confirmed to the news outlet that the permits are still pending approval.

Currently, there is no established timeframe for when a decision regarding the permits will be reached.

xAI’s reliance on these turbines to power its Colossus supercomputer is under scrutiny due to potential environmental impacts and questions regarding transparency.