Virtual Private Network (VPN) Definition - Explained
Networking's Foundational Role
The concept of networking is far from novel within the realm of computing. Indeed, your current access to this information is made possible through computer networking technologies. In many workplaces with multiple computers, a network infrastructure is in place. This allows for seamless file and folder sharing among colleagues, as well as shared access to the Internet.
This common setup is typically referred to as a Local Area Network, or LAN. As organizations expanded to encompass multiple locations, Wide Area Networks, or WANs, became necessary.
Defining a Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A Virtual Private Network can be defined in various ways, depending on its specific application. However, all definitions share core elements. Essentially, a VPN utilizes an existing network – often a public one like the Internet – and constructs a virtual network on top of it for a distinct purpose.
Let's consider an illustrative example to clarify this concept.
Imagine your workplace has a computer network that you regularly use during work hours. Now, suppose you need to access files stored on this network from your home. Your home computer isn't directly connected to the office network.
One option is to remotely log in to your work computer, if available, and operate it as if you were physically present in the office. Alternatively, you could utilize a VPN. Providing employees with VPN access is a widespread practice.
With a VPN, you effectively become part of the office network, even when located remotely. The VPN is configured to operate over the Internet, granting you access to the internal organizational network. This allows for secure data exchange as if you were directly connected.
Therefore, a VPN enables the transmission of private data across a public network, such as the Internet.
The Mechanics of VPN Operation
Two primary technologies underpin the creation of VPNs, ensuring secure and reliable data transmission over public networks: encryption and tunneling. Encryption, in its simplest form, involves scrambling data to render it unreadable to unauthorized parties.
Tunneling, conversely, involves encapsulating an entire data packet within another packet for transmission across the public network. The encapsulating protocol is selected to be unrecognizable by other computers or network devices along the transmission path.
Combining these two technologies allows for the secure and dependable transfer of data over a public network, mitigating security and reliability concerns.
Benefits of VPN Implementation
As previously discussed, VPNs can effectively connect multiple sites – such as branch offices – to a central corporate network. They also facilitate secure remote access to internal organizational networks, and even personal home networks. In many scenarios, VPNs represent a more cost-effective solution compared to traditional WANs.
VPNs offer a secure connection with reliable performance.
Have you had experience configuring a VPN? If so, what software did you utilize?
Image Credits: Cisco Inc, Microsoft Technet
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