There are instances where attempting to surpass the capabilities of the natural world proves impractical. This appears to be the conclusion reached by researchers at the University of Washington. Recognizing the limitations of existing chemical sensors when compared to the sensitivity of a moth’s antennae, they chose to utilize moth biology instead of developing entirely new technology. The result is the innovative “Smellicopter.”

This device, a prototype showcasing a potentially groundbreaking combination of artificial and biological systems, is built upon a small drone platform equipped with collision avoidance and integrated control systems.

“The natural odor detection abilities of living organisms significantly exceed those of our engineered sensors,” states Melanie Anderson, a UW graduate student and the primary author of the research paper detailing the Smellicopter, as reported by the university. In numerous industrial contexts, heightened sensitivity is a critical requirement.

Employing a sensor capable of identifying trace amounts of hazardous substances, at a concentration level far below that of other sensors, would be the logical choice.

However, training moths to navigate towards sources of toxic gases and relay their observations presents considerable challenges. Therefore, the research team carefully extracted the antenna from a common hawk moth and integrated it into the drone’s design. By applying a small electrical current, the platform can monitor the antenna’s activity, which alters in response to specific chemical compounds – for example, the fragrances that attract moths, such as those emitted by flowers.

A demonstration of its functionality can be viewed below:

During testing, this bio-hybrid system outperformed a conventional sensor of similar dimensions and power consumption. The antenna’s cells, stimulated by airborne particles, generated a swift, dependable, and precise signal corresponding to the chemicals they are designed to detect. While modifying these inherent sensitivities would be a complex undertaking, it is certainly achievable.

The drone itself incorporates a straightforward engineering solution to ensure the antenna remains oriented into the wind. Rather than relying on pressure sensors or gyroscopes for directional control, the team implemented a pair of large, lightweight fins at the rear, which automatically align the drone with the wind direction, much like a weather vane. If a compelling scent is detected from that direction, the drone will proceed towards it.

Although currently a prototype, the simplicity and sensitivity of this technology are likely to attract interest from potential clients in sectors such as heavy industry and the military, and the team anticipates receiving offers accordingly. The details of the Smellicopter’s design are published in the journal IOP Bioinspiration & Biomimetics.