While most people know about carrier pigeons, have you heard about carrier moths? This research initiative explores utilizing these nighttime insects as a delivery mechanism for extremely small electronic packages, each weighing under one-hundredth of an ounce.

This innovative system was developed by students at the University of Washington, led by Shyam Gollakota, a recognized expert in miniature device creation.

According to a University of Washington news statement, Gollakota explained, “This marks the initial demonstration of sensors being deployed from miniature drones or insects like moths, which possess a superior ability to navigate confined areas and achieve extended flight durations compared to drones.” He has become known for showcasing novel functionalities at remarkably small sizes, including developing backpacks for bees and exceptionally energy-efficient video broadcasting.

The sensor module, pictured above resting on a penny, can function as a variety of tools, such as an environmental monitor, a microphone, or a light detector. Due to its energy-efficient design, the battery powering this board could operate for years, making it well-suited for prolonged observation of inaccessible locations.

A crucial component of this system is the release mechanism. To maintain minimal weight and simplicity, the sensor is attached using a small magnetic pin. A wireless signal activates a current within a coil encircling the pin, altering the magnetic field and causing the device to detach.

The device is light enough for a moth to carry with relative ease—although it’s worth noting that the hawk moth, while capable, isn’t the smallest moth species; they can grow to be as large as hummingbirds, based on personal observation. However, it appears the compact device would also be suitable for attachment to smaller moth varieties. Further investigation into this possibility may be the next step.

Affordable, durable sensors transported throughout an ecosystem by moths (or other insects) could yield valuable data for ecological researchers. While this technology could potentially be used for surreptitious audio recording in secure locations, it is assumed that such applications would not be pursued.

This research, supported by the National Science Foundation, was presented at Mobicom 2020.