Spaced Repetition: Learn Smarter, Not Harder

The Challenge of Human Memory and the Power of Spaced Repetition

In contrast to the ever-increasing capacity of computer memory, human memory tends to diminish over time. Essentially, we experience forgetting. Our capacity to retain learned information follows a declining trend, influenced not only by age but also by the passage of days.

It’s noteworthy that the process of learning can be lengthy and demanding, yet the rate of forgetting can be surprisingly rapid. As high-achieving students will attest, there is no quick fix for memory enhancement; consistent review and regular practice are essential.

Spaced repetition is a technique designed to counteract the natural forgetting curve and facilitate the memorization of substantial amounts of information. It represents an accelerated learning approach. This article explores how to enhance learning through the application of spaced repetition and two readily available digital tools.

Understanding Spaced Repetition

The fundamental principle is that information is lost if it isn't revisited or rehearsed. Research in memory science demonstrates that revising material at intervals over several days is more effective than intensive, single-session cramming.

While cramming may yield short-term results, the knowledge gained through this method tends to be fleeting. Our ability to recall information naturally decreases with time, a phenomenon graphically represented by what is known as – The Forgetting Curve.

This curve and the associated 'spacing effect' were initially discovered by Hermann Ebbinghaus. Memory research consistently confirms that effective learning involves distributing revision sessions rather than concentrating them into a single, pre-exam study period.

Furthermore, the intervals between these revision sessions should progressively lengthen to solidify the study material within long-term memory.

Managing schedules and tracking these time intervals necessitates the use of a computer program or web application to automate the process of spaced repetition. Two options worth considering for language learning or subject mastery are outlined below.

Two frequently recommended free software options for spaced repetition learning are Mnemosyne and Anki. While Anki was previously reviewed three years ago and remains pertinent, this discussion will focus on Mnemosyne. We will also examine a web-based application as an alternative.

Enhance Memory Retention with Mnemosyne

Mnemosyne is a complimentary flashcard application that employs a sophisticated algorithm to determine the optimal timing for reviewing each card. Cards representing information you struggle to remember will be presented more frequently. Conversely, Mnemosyne reduces the frequency of cards for content you readily recall.

Named after the Greek goddess of memory, Mnemosyne leverages the principles of spaced repetition to strengthen memory consolidation, particularly for information prone to being forgotten.

As illustrated above, Mnemosyne utilizes a “grading” system to assess your recall ability. Assigning a grade of “2” to a flashcard indicates a reasonable expectation of future recall. A grade of “0” or “1”, however, signifies complete lack of recollection.

Consequently, the software will continue to present the question at progressively shorter intervals until a correct response is achieved.

Consider the scenario of learning a new language. Initial setup requires effort, as you must manually input the study material and create the corresponding flashcards.

This initial investment is worthwhile, as subsequent interactions solely contribute to memorization. Detailed instructions for flashcard creation are readily available in the application’s documentation.

A standard flashcard typically appears as follows:

Based on your answer, you can self-assess using a scale of 1 to 5. Mnemosyne then utilizes these grades to gauge your recall performance and schedule future card presentations.

The application supports flashcards incorporating text, images, and even audio elements – a particularly valuable feature for language acquisition.

Furthermore, three-sided cards are also accommodated. This is especially useful in language learning, where recall of the word, its definition, and pronunciation are all important.

The core algorithm operates in the background and is not directly modifiable. However, basic statistical information can be viewed by selecting Deck – Show Statistics.

Once the initial flashcards are established, Mnemosyne proves remarkably user-friendly. This free repetition and recall software is cross-platform compatible and available in multiple languages. Mnemosyne (version 1.2.2) requires a 6.2 MB download.

Explore MemoTutor for Enhanced Online Learning

While FlashCardDB is a strong contender, having been previously discussed, this article will focus on MemoTutor, a more streamlined web application leveraging the principles of spaced repetition.

MemoTutor distinguishes itself through its simplicity. Immediately following login, users are able to establish their initial card set. The process of adding cards is remarkably straightforward, facilitated by an intuitive interface. Text formatting and image integration are readily supported.

During card review, users assess their recall of the question, selecting from six graded options. In alignment with established spaced repetition methodologies, MemoTutor then determines the optimal timing for the next review, based on the user’s self-assessment.

A minimum of one hour must pass after card creation before review is permitted. This delay is integral to the system’s efficiency and the effectiveness of the repetition schedule. Performance data is visualized through a comprehensive pie chart.

Numerous web-based flashcard applications are available. It’s possible that their utilization is more widespread than commonly perceived. Consider these related resources for further exploration:

iFlipr: A Free Tool to Make Flash Cards Online
Get Better Learning Results With The Help Of Brainscape’s Online Flashcards
How To Make Digital Flashcards With Google Docs Spreadsheets [Web & iOS/Android]
3 Apps For Perfect Flash Cards For Android That Teachers Can Use
Top 3 Sites To Make Flash Cards For Your Kids

Do you regret not discovering spaced repetition earlier? Perhaps incorporating this technique into future learning endeavors will enhance retention and make the process more impactful.

Image Credit: Remember Yellow Note via Shutterstock, Wikipedia