Nuclear Propulsion for Spacecraft: Defense Department Initiative

US Department of Defense Seeks Nuclear Propulsion for Spacecraft

The United States Department of Defense has recently outlined more specific goals regarding its activities in space. According to information obtained by SpaceNews, the department has issued a request for proposals for privately developed nuclear propulsion systems. These systems are intended to power spacecraft ranging in size from small to medium.

Expanding Mission Capabilities

The DoD aims to undertake missions that extend beyond Earth’s orbit. Current electric and solar spacecraft are deemed inadequate for these ventures, particularly when considering their application to smaller spacecraft, as stated by the Defense Innovation Unit.

Key System Requirements

The desired nuclear propulsion system should deliver a “high delta-V” – exceeding 33 feet per second – while maintaining a dry mass of under 2,000 kilograms (approximately 4,409 pounds).

Beyond powering the spacecraft’s payload, the technology is expected to provide thermal regulation during periods of darkness and minimize radiation exposure both on the ground and to the spacecraft’s internal components.

Timeline for Responses and Contracts

Responses to the request are due by September 23rd. The DoD anticipates awarding contracts within 60 to 90 days following the deadline.

Accelerated Development Approach

Department officials have indicated that this request is being made to expedite the process. While NASA and other organizations are engaged in the development of nuclear spacecraft, these projects are projected to take considerably longer to come to fruition.

The DoD is targeting a working prototype within three to five years, positioning this initiative as a means to implement nuclear propulsion more rapidly for immediate and upcoming projects.

Potential Applications

Although the request did not reveal specific spacecraft plans, the emphasis on smaller vehicles suggests potential applications in areas such as probes, satellites, and other spacecraft with relatively limited objectives.

It is unlikely that this technology will be utilized for crewed missions to Mars in the near future. Nevertheless, the DoD’s pursuit demonstrates a clear dissatisfaction with the constraints of existing spacecraft engines and a desire for accelerated access to more potent designs.

Note: This report was originally published on Engadget.