Soft Robotics: Using Cables for Structural Transformation

The Evolution of Robotics: Bridging the Gap Between Soft and Rigid Designs

The specialized area of soft robotics is fundamentally reshaping perspectives within the broader robotics field. Heavily inspired by processes observed in nature, this technology presents a markedly distinct methodology compared to the conventional, rigid frameworks typically associated with robots.

Soft robotic designs provide several advantages, notably adaptability, which has already led to practical implementations in sectors like manufacturing and logistics. However, similar to traditional robots, soft robots also encounter inherent limitations.

Addressing the Trade-offs in Robotic Design

Consequently, designers often face a choice between soft or rigid robotics for a specific application—or, in optimal scenarios, develop interchangeable components. This necessitates a compromise between the strengths of each approach.

Researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) are investigating a technology that aims to minimize this trade-off. The project, initiated in 2017, remains largely within the domain of computer modeling, although its details are now documented in a recent publication.

“Our goal is to explore the possibility of achieving the advantages of both approaches,” explained James Bern, a post-doctoral researcher at CSAIL.

A Novel Approach: Combining Softness and Rigidity

Within this project—or, at least, its simulated iteration—the robot’s movements are governed by a network of cables. Precisely coordinated tension applied to these cables transforms the soft structure into a rigid form.

The research team draws a parallel to the human arm, where specific muscle contractions enable the stabilization of a joint. By selectively activating the appropriate cables, the robot can effectively lock its position.

The team is scheduled to present their findings at an upcoming conference. Currently, they are focused on constructing a physical prototype to demonstrate the technology’s functionality in a real-world environment. This integration of soft and rigid robotics could significantly contribute to the development of safer collaborative robots designed for interaction with human colleagues.

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