Building A PC For Christmas: A Visual Diary
A Christmas PC Build from Spare Parts
Inspired by the difficulties faced by some relatives relying on outdated hardware – a small netbook and an uncommon Linux distribution – I undertook a project to assemble a functional computer for them as a Christmas gift. The system would be constructed using components previously retained from my own system upgrades.
This documentation of the build process, accompanied by photographs, is intended to be more of a narrative than a detailed instruction manual. A comprehensive guide to PC construction would require a far more extensive article.
Instead, this serves as encouragement for others to attempt a similar build, offering insights into the process completed within approximately two hours.
Helpful Resources
For those seeking more in-depth guidance, several free downloadable guides are available:
- Your PC Inside & Out Part 1 - Covering the case, power supply unit (PSU), and motherboard.
- Your PC Inside & Out Part 2 - Detailing the CPU, RAM, and video cards.
- The Idiot's Guide To Building Your Own PC - A beginner-friendly resource.
Component Inventory
The following components were gathered for this build:
- An Asus p5B motherboard, paired with a dual-core Intel CPU and 2GB of RAM. This assembly was already complete, being a leftover from a previous upgrade.
- A standard ATX case, stored in its original packaging for roughly a decade.
- A 380w power supply, equipped with various Molex and SATA connectors, recently purchased for under $50.
- A 17" Dell monitor, salvaged from Kyoto University last year, along with a USB mouse and keyboard.
- A selection of 160GB SATA hard drives (three will be utilized).
- A multi-DVD RW drive utilizing an IDE connection.
Initiating the Build
The initial step involves opening the computer case and installing the motherboard spacers.
These spacers screw into designated holes within the case, elevating the motherboard. It’s crucial that they correspond to the form factor of the motherboard being installed.
Establishing Connections for Case Switches
Perhaps the most challenging aspect of the build process lies in connecting the case switches. Prior to mounting the motherboard within the chassis, a clear diagram documenting the arrangement of jumper pins for the case switches and LEDs was created. This precaution was taken because visibility is significantly reduced once the motherboard is installed.
These connections are typically located on the bottom left side of the motherboard when viewed from above, and their configuration is as follows:
A total of five distinct connections are required in this stage:
- Power switch
- System speaker
- Reset switch
- Power LED
- Hard disk activity LED (occasionally designated as IDE LED)
The positive (+) LED leads are generally identified by their color, often being red, while the negative (-) leads are typically black or white. These leads must be carefully matched with the corresponding pins on the motherboard. This task can prove to be quite intricate and demand patience.
USB Connectivity
Many computer cases feature USB ports on the front panel. These ports require connection to the motherboard to operate correctly. The necessary pins for these connections are typically located near the front panel switch pins that were previously connected.
Occasionally, a significant number – potentially eight – individual cables will need to be connected individually to corresponding jumpers. This can be a somewhat tedious process.
Pinout Diagram
A targeted online search, specifically for “asus p5b usb pinout”, yielded a valuable diagram to aid in the connection process.
This diagram illustrates the correct arrangement for connecting the USB cables.
Each USB port necessitates four cables for full functionality. Therefore, a bundle of eight cables can be logically divided into two sets of four.
The top set of pins on the motherboard is designated for one USB port, while the bottom set is used for another.
Cable Identification
The cables themselves are usually marked with a number, either 1 or 2, and additional labels indicating their function. These labels correspond to the markings on the motherboard.
- The V marking on the motherboard represents the VCC or +5 cable.
- A - symbol on the motherboard corresponds to the D- cable.
- A + symbol indicates the D+ cable.
- G signifies the GROUND cable.
Power Supply Considerations
Compatibility issues can arise when integrating a power supply with an older computer case and a more recent motherboard. Older power supply units (PSUs) typically feature a 20-pin connector, whereas contemporary motherboards require a 24-pin connection.
The visual distinction between these connectors is readily apparent, as illustrated in the accompanying image.
In addition to the main motherboard power connector, a supplemental 4-pin power cable must be connected to provide power to the CPU.
Pre-Installation Verification
It is crucial to confirm functionality before physically securing the power supply within the case. Connect the PSU to the system and attempt to initiate power.
An initial error beep may be emitted if a video card is not yet installed; however, this is a normal occurrence during this stage, serving solely to validate the switch wiring and confirm that the motherboard fan is operational.
Video Cards
The video card is a crucial component of any computer system. These cards are available in three primary formats:
- PCI - Identified by their typically long, white color and corresponding slot configuration, as seen in the image. These represent the earliest generation of graphics cards.
- AGP - Characterized by brown or blue slots, though not illustrated in the provided imagery.
- PCI-Enhanced - Distinguished by a black slot, as depicted in the accompanying photograph.
Modern motherboards, manufactured within the last four years, generally support either AGP or PCI-E technology, but not both simultaneously. It’s important to note that these two standards are not mutually compatible.
The selection of a video card depends on the motherboard’s compatibility and the desired graphical performance. Understanding these different types is essential for a successful PC build.
Choosing the correct video card ensures optimal visual output and system stability. Consider the age of your motherboard when selecting a compatible card.
Hard Drives
A detailed explanation of adding a second SATA hard drive, as well as a guide for older PCs utilizing IDE, was previously provided. This setup includes one IDE channel and four SATA ports for connectivity.
Several drives were available, prompting the selection of a 7,200RPM drive to function as the primary bootable system drive. Additional, slower drives will be utilized for data storage purposes.
The faster drive was chosen to optimize system boot times and overall responsiveness. The remaining drives will provide ample space for storing various types of data.
DVD-Drive Installation
The majority of DVD drives are designed for front panel installation. This necessitates the careful removal of the front panel, ensuring that the wires connected to the power switch are not inadvertently detached.
Prior to physically slotting the drive into place, it is advisable to connect all necessary cables. Space within the computer case can be limited, making cable management more challenging once the drive is secured.
Installation Considerations
Connecting cables beforehand simplifies the installation process. The restricted space inside the computer case often makes accessing the rear of the drive difficult after it has been mounted.
Gentle handling of the front panel is crucial during removal. Avoid applying excessive force to prevent damage to the panel or its associated wiring.
Important: Always double-check cable connections to ensure proper functionality of the DVD drive.
Electrical Power Supply for PC Components
The necessary electrical power for various system components will be supplied through either a standard 4-pin Molex connector, or a SATA power plug specifically designed for SATA devices.
Many case fans are equipped with daisy-chain connectors, intended for use with conventional Molex power connections.
Power Connector Types
- Molex 4-pin: A widely used connector for older devices and fans.
- SATA Power: The standard power connection for SATA hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives.
- Daisy-chain Connectors: Allow multiple fans to be powered from a single Molex connector.
These connectors ensure a stable and reliable power delivery to all essential parts of the computer system.
Proper power distribution is crucial for the optimal performance and longevity of your PC’s hardware.
BIOS Verification
Upon establishing a connection with a keyboard, the initial step involves gaining entry to the BIOS setup screen. My primary focus is to confirm accurate detection of the three installed hard drives, alongside the DVD drive.
The system appears to be functioning correctly in this regard. Subsequently, the hardware monitor is examined to identify any irregularities in system temperature or CPU performance.
This monitoring process is sustained for a period of time to ensure that temperatures do not escalate, potentially signaling a fan malfunction within the system.
Following the installation of Windows, it is universally acknowledged that installing Google Chrome is a crucial concluding action.
This concludes my documentation of the build process. It is hoped that this visual build-log has been enjoyable. Should you be inclined to replicate this undertaking, consider monitoring FreeCycle listings.
Alternatively, exploring local recycling centers for discarded PCs can provide valuable components for experimentation. Disassembling and reassembling systems, combining parts, and attempting to restore functionality represents an exceptional educational opportunity.
Feedback is encouraged; however, responses to highly specific hardware inquiries related to individual builds may be limited.
