The Japanese company Astroscale is planning to initiate its inaugural active mission to eliminate orbital debris in March 2021. This mission serves as a validation of their technology, intended to contribute to the long-term viability of low-Earth orbit as a space environment suitable for commercial operations, particularly given the increasing congestion resulting from the accelerating launch rate of new spacecraft.

Known as the “End-of-Life Services by Astroscale-demonstration” (ELSA-d), this demonstrative mission will commence with a launch from Kazakhstan, utilizing a Russian Soyuz rocket. The core of the demonstration involves Astroscale’s specialized payload, comprised of a “servicer” – representing the debris removal mechanism – and a “client” – simulating a satellite or piece of space debris that Astroscale could potentially be contracted to remove.

The servicer will employ magnetic force to “secure” the client, performing several docking maneuvers to demonstrate its effectiveness. Throughout these tests, the client will remain in a fixed position and will also mimic the erratic tumbling motion frequently observed in inactive orbital debris. The mission’s objective is to confirm the functionality of Astroscale’s technology for locating and identifying removal targets, as well as the proper execution of docking and release protocols, all according to the startup’s design.

Astroscale’s strategy for enhancing the sustainability of space for both commercial and research endeavors encompasses two key areas: the removal of debris in low-Earth orbit and the provision of on-orbit servicing for geostationary satellites. These geostationary satellites are typically larger, more costly, and positioned in a higher orbital altitude. The company recently expanded its capabilities in this latter area through the acquisition of assets from an Israeli firm specializing in on-orbit servicing.