Storing Batteries in the Fridge: Does it Really Work?

The Refrigerator Battery Storage Debate: Fact vs. Fiction

The question of whether to store batteries in the refrigerator to prolong their lifespan is a common one, often accompanied by lighthearted jokes about food storage. But is there any genuine merit to this practice? Is cold storage a legitimate method for battery preservation?

A Reader's Inquiry

Dear How-To Geek,

I recently searched for battery storage containers on Amazon, intending to separate discharged rechargeables from fully charged ones. I noticed many options (such as the Dial AA Battery Storage Box) were specifically labeled for refrigerator use. This prompted my question: why would batteries be stored in a refrigerator? My online research yielded conflicting information. Should batteries be refrigerated, or not?

Sincerely,

Battery Confused

Your confusion is understandable, given the abundance of misinformation and outdated advice available. The concise answer is that certain batteries can benefit from refrigeration under specific circumstances. However, for most users, storing batteries in the fridge is generally unnecessary.

The Science Behind Cold Storage

The rationale for refrigerating batteries stems from a scientifically sound principle: lower temperatures decelerate the rate of energy discharge. All batteries experience self-discharge, a gradual loss of stored energy even when not in use.

This self-discharge is caused by internal "side reactions"—chemical processes that occur within the battery regardless of whether it's powering a device. While unavoidable, advancements in battery technology have minimized energy loss during storage. The following outlines typical monthly discharge rates at room temperature (65F-80F).

• Alkaline Batteries: Common disposable batteries exhibit excellent shelf stability, losing 1% or less of their charge monthly.
• Lithium-ion Batteries: Found in laptops and mobile devices, these batteries typically discharge around 5% per month.
• Nickel-Cadmium (NiCa) Batteries: Less prevalent today, NiCa batteries, still used in some tools, have a discharge rate of approximately 10% per month.
• Nickel Metal Hydride (NiHM) Batteries: These largely replaced NiCa batteries, with early versions losing up to 30% monthly. Low self-discharge (LSD) NiHM batteries, introduced in 2005, now discharge at around 1.25% per month, comparable to alkaline batteries.

Considering these rates, it's logical why some individuals might consider refrigeration. For example, a photographer needing to store older NiHM batteries for flash units might charge them in advance and refrigerate them until needed.

Practical Considerations and Potential Risks

Despite potential benefits, there are few practical reasons to refrigerate batteries. Any gains in shelf-life are often outweighed by potential drawbacks. Condensation forming on or within the battery can lead to damage and corrosion.

Extremely low temperatures, such as those found in a freezer, can further harm batteries. Even avoiding damage, batteries require warming before use, and condensation can occur in humid environments.

Essentially, you risk damaging your batteries to gain minimal storage time, and the batteries that benefit most are often rechargeable – meaning they could simply be recharged when needed. Furthermore, battery manufacturers officially advise against this practice. Therefore, utilize a battery storage box, but maintain a cool, dry, and non-refrigerated location.

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