Do I Need a Router with Just One Computer?

Do You Really Need a Router with Just One Computer?

A prevalent belief exists suggesting that a router isn't necessary if your internet setup is simple, consisting of only one home computer. However, this isn't entirely accurate. Let's explore why even a single desktop benefits from having a router as a companion device.

A Reader's Question

We recently received a question from a reader, “Router Curious,” who shared their situation: a friend was surprised to learn they connected their computer directly to the cable modem provided by their internet service provider (ISP). They questioned whether a router was truly needed, given their single-computer, studio apartment setup. Their internet functioned perfectly, and their friend couldn’t articulate a specific reason for their surprise.

As “Router Curious” discovered, a direct connection between a computer and a broadband modem is indeed possible for internet access. However, choosing to do so is akin to driving a vehicle without insurance or a seatbelt – technically feasible, but not advisable.

Routers Offer More Than Just Data Routing

Routers aren't solely designed for distributing data among multiple computers. Let’s examine your current configuration and the functionalities offered by a standard home router to understand why acquiring one is beneficial. We will utilize diagrams from a previous article, HTG Explains: Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware, for a more detailed explanation of these concepts.

Currently, your home network likely appears as follows:

Your desktop computer connects directly to the modem, which is then linked directly to your ISP and the broader internet. From a connectivity perspective, this arrangement presents no issues. You can browse the web, play online games, and perform other internet-based activities without difficulty. However, from a security standpoint, this setup is significantly vulnerable.

Related: What Does a Firewall Actually Do?

Your cable modem functions as a data transfer device, not a security device. Consequently, your computer is entirely exposed to the internet. The IP address assigned to your cable modem, your public-facing IP address, directly corresponds to your home PC. Any vulnerabilities on your computer – open ports, exploits, or operating system weaknesses – become accessible to anyone on the internet actively scanning your public IP.

While it's easy to feel anonymous amidst the vast number of IP addresses, numerous individuals dedicate their time and resources to compromising machines and installing malicious software, utilizing automated tools to continuously probe for weaknesses.

Therefore, a direct PC-to-broadband-modem connection is inherently risky. You are entirely reliant on your computer’s operating system and any installed firewall software – often inadequate – to protect you from a constant barrage of cyber threats.

The Added Security of a Router

Consider the following diagram illustrating a home network with a router installed:

Even without additional devices on your network – no laptops, tablets, streaming devices, or game consoles – a router remains a valuable and crucial component. Beyond providing multi-device routing, routers incorporate a firewall that is considerably more sophisticated and reliable than the firewall included with Windows or most third-party options.

Related: Why You Don't Need an Outbound Firewall On Your Laptop or Desktop PC

You could connect even an outdated, vulnerable computer with open ports and exploitable code behind a modern router, and the router’s firewall would effectively block any probing attempts before they could pose a threat.

Considering that a functional router can be purchased for around $25, and its power consumption is minimal, comparable to a nightlight, investing in one is a sensible decision. You’ll not only benefit from enhanced security but also be prepared to seamlessly add devices to your network in the future.

Do you have a challenging tech question? Send us an email at ask@howtogeek.com, and we will strive to provide a helpful answer.